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Article

Issue:2024 №2 (86)
Section:
UDK:331.55-331.57
DOI:https://doi.org/10.33271/ebdut/86.116
Article language:English
Pages:116-122
Title:Employment policy and unemployment problems in Georgia
Author:Osadze L. T., Gori State University
Annotation:Methods: The study of the labor market is based on the analysis of the data of the National Department of Statistics of Georgia and studies conducted by international organizations. In the research process, the methods of scientific abstraction were used – when defining the labor market and the essence of the concepts «unemployment» and «employment»; comparative analysis – when comparing the employment situation of the population of Georgia and some other countries; statistics – when determining the dynamics of the main indicators of the labor market. Results. The current state of the labor market in Georgia was analyzed and the dynamics of its main indicators for the period 2017–2023 were determined. The main problems in the field of employment of the Georgian economy were identified, which include incomplete use of labor resources, differentiation of population incomes, imbalance between demand and supply of professions. The analysis of the labor market in Georgia revealed that the majority of jobs in the national economy are created in industries that do not use modern technologies and, therefore, do not require highly qualified specialists; employees with a high level of qualification cannot find a job in their specialty for a long time, as a result of which they lose their qualifications or are forced to work in low-skilled jobs; the level of education received and real knowledge often turn out to be incompatible with each other. The components of state policy in the sphere of employment regulation are considered. A comparative analysis of this policy was carried out in such countries as: Georgia, Latvia, Estonia, Hungary, Austria. Prospects for increasing the effectiveness of employment policy in Georgia are outlined. Novelty. As a result of the study of the employment policy, it was found that its tools have different effects on solving the problem of unemployment with regard to the short-term and longterm periods. Job search assistance programs have been shown to have the same results in both the short and long term, while vocational training programs have been shown to perform much better in the medium and long term. Practical value. The results obtained during the research can be useful in the formation of employment policy at both the regional and state levels of the functioning of the national economy. 
Keywords:Unemployment, Employment policy, Employment policy instruments, Active and passive employment policy, International organizations, State
File of the article:EV20242_116-122.pdf
Literature:
  • 1. State employment policy in Georgia, 2020, p. 27, Tbilisi; https://www.gruni.edu.ge/uploads/files/Other_page/human
  • 2. Dogonadze, I. Keynes and Keynesianism, 01/05/2009 https://geoeconomics.ge/?p=3995
  • 3. Employment policy in the context of development, Human Rights Training and Monitoring Center, EMC Tbilisi, 2020 https://socialjustice.org.ge/uploads/products/pdf
  • 4. National Statistical Service of Georgia, Employment and Unemployment, 2023, https://www.geostat.ge/ka/modules/categories/683/dasakmeba-umushevroba
  • 5. Coverage and classification of OECD data for public expenditure and participants in labor market programmers-andclassification-of-OECD-data-2015. https://www.oecd.org/els/emp/Coverage
  • 6. Analysis of state employment policy in Georgia and European countries, 2017, pp. 3-25. https://www.gruni.edu.ge/uploads/files/Other_page/human_law.pdf
  • 7. NationalStatisticalServiceofGeorgia, http://geostat.ge/index.php?action=page&p_id=146&lang=eng
  • 8. World Bank data, https://data.worldbank.org/
  • 9. Structure of unemployment and structural unemployment in Georgia, Research Foundation of Georgian Strategies and International Relations, 2016.
  • 10. Card, D., Kluve, J., & Weber, A. (2017). What Works? A Meta Analysis of Recent Active Labor Market Programe Evaluations. NBER Working Paper Series.
  • 11. Mckenzie, D. (2017). How Effective Are Active Labor Market Policies in Developing Countries? A Critical Review of Recent Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper 8011, Development Research Group, World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/lkx001
  • 12. Kalvane, I. (2015). Business Model Choice for Latvian Public Employment Service: What is the Best for Labour Force Competitiveness? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 213, pp. 99-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.410
  • 13. Risak, M., & Kovacs, E. (2017). Active and Passive Labour Market Policies in Austria and Hungary: A Comparative Analysis of Recent Changes and Trends. European Labour Law Journal, 8(2), pp. 168-187; http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics
  • 14. Georgia, Skills Mismatch and Unemployment Labor Market Challenges, March 2013, Human development Sector Unit, South Caucasus country department, Europe and Central Asia Region, the World Bank.
  • 15. Rodrick D. (2014). Industrial Policy for the Twenty-first Century https://drodrik.scholar.harvard.edu/files/dani-rodrik/files/industrial-policy-twenty-firstcentury.pdf http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en
  • 16. Standard estimates of the return to an additional year of schooling around the world show an average return of 10 percent, with returns to tertiary schooling averaging 21 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa (Montenegro and Patrinos, 2014).

Editor-in-Chief

Makurin A. A., Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Department of International Relations and Audit, Dnipro University of Technology


Deputy Editors-in-Chief:

Buleev I. P., Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Enterprise Economics, Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine

Vahonova O. H., Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Applied Economics, Entrepreneurship and Public Administration, Dnipro University of Technology


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Bezuhla L. S., Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Tourism and Enterprise Economics, Dnipro University of Technology


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    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-736X
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  • Liudmyla Serhiivna Bezuhla, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Tourism and Enterprise Economics, Dnipro University of Technology, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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  • Olena Olehivna Akhmedova, Doctor of Sciences in Public Administration, Associate Professor, Professor at the Department of Tourism and Hotel and Restaurant Business, Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6762-8041
  • Ivan Petrovych Buleev, Doctor of Economic Sciences, Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Enterprise Economics, Institute of Industrial Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7912-3649
  • Olha Volodymyrivna Zakharova, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor at the Department of International Economic Relations, Vasyl Stefanyk Carpathian National University, Ukraine, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8718-0205
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5548-6787
  • Jolanta Miko Nalivaike, Doctor of Social Sciences, specializing in Management, Vice-Dean of the Faculty of Business Management, Associate Professor at the Department of Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUS TECH), Lithuania, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1009-4111
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    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6952-6030
  • Jan Skonieczny, PhD in Economics, Assistant Professor at the Department of Organization and Management, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Poland, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1027-991X

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